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Jad

Bedel linkiga
Ka Wikipedia
Jamhuuriyadda Jaad
(bila luqadaha rasmiga ah)
Af Carabi جمهورية تشاد
Jumhūriyyat Tshād
Af Faransiis République du Tchad
Calanka Jaad
Calanka
Astaanta qaranka ee Jaad
Astaanta qaranka
Hal-ku-dheg: 
  • "Unité, Travail, Progrès" (Af-Faransiis)
  • "Midnimo, Shaqa, Horumar"
Heesta qaranka: 
  • "La Tchadienne" (Faransiis)
  • "Heesta Jaad"
CaasimaddaN'Djamena
12°06′19″N 15°02′41″E / 12.10528°N 15.04472°E / 12.10528; 15.04472
Magaalada ugu weyncaasimadda
Luuqadaha rasmiga ah
  • Faransiis
  • Carabi
Diinta
(2020)[1]
  • 55.1% Islaam
  • 41.1% Masiixiyad
  • 2.4% Diin la'aan
  • 1.3% Animism
  • 0.1% kuwa kale
 DadkaReer Jaad
DawladdaJamhuuriyad madaxtooyo
• Madaxweyne
Mahamat Déby
• Ra'iisul Wasaare
Allamaye Halina
Sharci-dejintaBaarlamaan laba aqal leh[2]
• Aqalka sare
Guurtida
• Aqalka hoose
Golaha Qaranka
Madaxbannaanida ka timid Faransiiska
• Ismaamul la siiyay
28 November 1958
• Dawlad madaxbannaan
11 August 1960
Bedka
• Wadarta
1,280,000[3] km2 (490,000 sq mi) (20aad)
• Biyo (%)
1.9
Dadka
• Qiyaastii 2024
Increase 19,093,595[4] (66aad)
• Cufnaanta
14.4/km2 (37.3/sq mi) (218aad)
Wax soo saar (PPP)Qiyaastii 2026 
• Wadarta
Increase $63.070 bilyan[5] (147aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $3,240[6] (179aad)
Wax soo saar (magac ahaan)Qiyaastii 2026 
• Wadarta
Increase $23.560 bilyan[7] (145aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $1,210[8] (183aad)
Qaybsiga (2022)37.4[9]
sinnaan la'aan dhexdhexaad ah
Kobaca (2023)0.416[10]
hooseeya (190aad)
LacagtaFrankiga CFA ee Bartamaha Afrika (XAF)
SaacaddaUTC+01:00 (Wakhtiga Galbeedka Afrika)
Koodhka wicitaanka+235
Furaha Internetka.td

Jaad,[lower-alpha 1] si rasmi ahna loogu yeero Jamhuuriyadda Jaad,[lower-alpha 2] waa dal ku yaal Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa waqooyiga ka xiga Liibiya, bariga Suudaan, koonfurta Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika, koonfur-galbeed Kaameruun, koonfur-galbeednayjeeriya (ee harada Jaad), iyo galbeedka Nayjer. Jaad waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso 19 milyan, kuwaas oo 1.6 milyan oo ka mid ahi ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee N'Djamena. Baaxadda guud ee dhulka oo dhowr ah 1,300,000 km2, Jaad waa dalka shanaad ee ugu weyn Afrika, waana dalka labaatanaad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka loo eego baaxadda dhulka.

Luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Jaad waa Faransiis iyo Carabi, iyadoo Faransiisku yahay luqadda guud (lingua franca) iyo luqadda rasmiga ah ee dowladda iyo waxbarashada.[11][12] Waxay hoy u tahay in ka badan 200 oo qowmiyadood iyo kooxood oo kala duwan xagga luqadda. Islaamka (55.1%) iyo Masiixiyadda (41.1%) waa diimaha ugu waaweyn ee laga rumeeyo Jaad.[1][13]

Laga bilaabo kun-guurka 7aad BC, bini'aadamka ayaa u soo guuray dooxada Jaad tiro aad u badan. Dhammaadkii kun-guurka 1aad AD, silsilado dawladaha iyo boqortooyooyin ah ayaa ka kacay oo ku dumay aagga Sahel ee Jaad, mid kastaana wuxuu diiradda saaray xakameynta jidka ganacsiga ee Trans-Sahara ee soo mara gobolka. Faransiiska ayaa qabsaday dhulkaas sannadkii 1920-kii wuxuuna ku daray qayb ka mid ah Afrika Equatoria ee Faransiiska. Sannadkii 1960-kii, Jaad waxay heshay madaxbannaani iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo François Tombalbaye. Cadho ka dhalatay siyaasadiisa oo ka dhalatay waqooyiga Muslimka ah ayaa keentay inuu qarxo dagaal sokeeye oo muddo dheer qaatay sannadkii 1965-kii. Sannadkii 1979-kii fallaagada ayaa qabsaday caasimadda waxayna soo afjareen awooddii koonfurta. Taliyayaashii fallaagada ayaa markaas dhexdiis ku dagaalamay ilaa Hissène Habré uu ka adkaaday kuwa la tartamayay. Iskahorimaadkii Jaad iyo Liibiya wuxuu qarxay sannadkii 1978-kii duulaankii Liibiya kaas oo istaagay sannadkii 1987-kii iyadoo ay soo dhexgashay ciidamada Faransiiska (Hawlgalkii Épervier). Hissène Habré waxaa xukunka ka tuuray sannadkii 1990-kii jeneraalkiisii Idriss Déby. Iyadoo la helayo taageerada Faransiiska, casriyeynta Ciidanka Qaranka Jaad ayaa la bilaabay sannadkii 1991-kii. Laga bilaabo 2003, dhibaatada Darfur ee ka jirtay Suudaan ayaa ku kor fiday xadka waxayna carqaladeysay xasilloonida dalka. Dalkaas oo horay u sabool ahaa ayaa la dhibtoonayay sidii uu u qaabili lahaa boqolaal kun oo qaxooti Suudaaniyiin ah oo ku sugnaa bariga Jaad.

In kasta oo xisbiyo siyaasadeed oo badani ay ka qaybqaateen xeer-dejinta Jaad, ee Golaha Qaranka, awooddu waxay si adag ugu jirtay gacanta Dhaqdhaqaaqa Badbaadada Waddaniga intii uu xukumayay Madaxweyne Idriss Déby, kaas oo xukunkiisa lagu sifeeyay mid kalagooys ah. Ka dib markii Madaxweyne Déby ay dileen fallaagada FACT bishii Abriil 2021, Golaha Militariga Kumeelgaarka ah ee uu hoggaaminayo wiilkiisa Mahamat Déby ayaa la wareegay maamulka dowladda wuxuuna kala diray Golaha Qaranka.[14] Mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu horumarsan adduunka, Jaad waxay weli la dhibtoonaysaa rabshado siyaasadeed iyo isku dayo isdaba joog ah oo afgambi. Jaad waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 4aad ee ugu hooseysa Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha waxayna ka mid tahay waddamada ugu saboolsan uguna musuqmaasuqa badan. Inta badan dadka deggan waxay ku nool yihiin saboolnimo iyagoo ah reer miyi iyo beeralay qubaysata. Tan iyo sannadkii 2003, saliidda cayriin waxay noqotay isha koowaad ee dalka ka soo gasha dakhliga dhoofinta. Jaad waxay leedahay taariikh xun xagga xuquuqda aadanaha.

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 "Religions in Chad | PEW-GRF". Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  2. ↑ Ngarbe, Eluard (4 February 2025). "Le MPS lance sa campagne pour le Sénat". Manara Radio Télévision (in Faransiis).
  3. ↑ "Chad". The World Factbook (2026 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023. (Archived 2023 edition.)
  4. ↑ "Chad". The World Factbook (2026 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023. (Archived 2023 edition.)
  5. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  6. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  7. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  8. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  9. ↑ "Gini Index coefficient". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  10. ↑ "Human Development Reports 2023/24".
  11. ↑ "International Schools in Chad".
  12. ↑ "Glottolog 4.8 – Languages of Chad". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  13. ↑ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1996–1997" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  14. ↑ Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay ":2".
  1. ↑ /tʃæd/ ⓘ chad
    • Af Faransiis: Tchad, pronounced [tʃa(d)]
    • Af Carabi: تشاد, romanised: Tshād, Af Carabi pronunciation: [tʃaːd]
  2. ↑
    • Af Faransiis: République du Tchad
    • Af Carabi: جمهورية تْشَاد, romanised: Jumhūriyyat Tshād
Cillad tixraac: Calaamadaha <ref> ayaa jira koox la magacaabay "lower-alpha", laakiin lama helin calaamadda u dhiganta. <references group="lower-alpha"/>.
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jad&oldid=300575"